AI Literacy (Article 4 EU AI Act)

Training obligation for all AI users since 2 February 2025

26 April 2026 · Category: EU AI Act · Compliance-Kit

TL;DR

In the version in force since 27 July 2026 (Regulation (EU) 2026/1744), Art. 4 of the EU AI Act requires providers and deployers to take measures to support the development of AI literacy among their staff and other persons dealing with the operation and use of AI systems on their behalf; Art. 4 does not require a particular level of AI literacy to be achieved. The obligation has applied since 2 February 2025 — with no transition period.

What is AI literacy (Art. 4 EU AI Act)?

Mandatory content of an AI literacy training course (according to the European Commission's Q&A of 05/2025):

definition of AI + structure of the EU AI Act
risk classification (Art. 6, Annex III)
prohibited practices (Art. 5)
transparency obligations (Art. 50)
specific risks in the particular context of use
human oversight / automation bias (Art. 14)

The law sets no minimum duration. Industry standard: 2-4 hours of basic training + role-specific in-depth modules. With a quiz and proof of participation.

Practical example

Practical implementation:

online module with 40 slides + 30-question quiz
mandatory for everyone who uses AI tools (ChatGPT, Copilot, Claude, etc.)
also: working students and external consultants
annual refresher recommended
documentation in a training register

Frequently asked questions

Who has to be trained?

Everyone who comes into contact with AI systems — including working students, external consultants and contractors. Not: the company's customers.

How long does the training have to be?

The Regulation prescribes no duration. Industry standard: 2-4 hours of basic training. Supervisory recommendation: scale it to the role.

What fines apply if training is missing?

Art. 4 is not directly backed by fines. BUT: where inadequately trained staff cause harm, GDPR fines, liability risk and liability under the German General Equal Treatment Act (AGG) may follow.